Vol. 7, Special Issue 2 (2025)

The process of drug discovery and development (DDD) is a critical pathway in modern medicine, aiming to identify and bring new therapeutic agents to the market. It typically begins with target identification, followed by hit discovery, lead optimization, preclinical studies, and multiple phases of clinical trials. The field of drug discovery and development is undergoing a profound transformation, driven by innovations in AI, gene editing, and human-relevant models.
The integration of emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), CRISPR based gene editing, Organ-on-a-Chip Models mRNA & Biologics (mRNA vaccines) and Nanotechnology is transforming drug development by improving target selection, reducing failure rates, and accelerating clinical translation. However, high costs, regulatory hurdles, low success rates, lengthy clinical trials and ethical concerns pose significant challenges. Advances in precision medicine, AI-driven drug screening, and biologics have the potential to enhance the efficiency of drug discovery while reducing costs, ensuring faster and safer drug availability for patients worldwide.