Vol. 7, Special Issue 2 (2025)

Liquid biopsy is a novel method in oncology that allows for the less invasive identification and investigation of cancer-related biomarkers in bodily fluids. This technology has transformed cancer management by allowing for convenient and consistent monitoring of cancer progression, early-stage detection, and assessment of therapy responses. With cancer accounting for approximately 10 million deaths worldwide in 2020, innovative diagnostic approaches are critical for improving patient outcomes. Despite its potential, liquid biopsy has major hurdles in integrating into ordinary clinical practices. These include challenges with standardization, sensitivity, specificity, and a lack of empirical data to demonstrate viability and efficacy in community-based settings. The relationship between survival outcomes and liquid biopsy-guided therapeutic decisions warrants additional exploration. This study assesses the therapeutic potential of liquid biopsy in guiding customised treatment options for advanced solid tumours. It examines current research on liquid biopsy technologies, including multiomic approaches, droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Liquid biopsy enhances diagnosis accuracy by capturing tumour heterogeneity and providing real-time insights into cancer dynamics. It lessens the invasiveness of standard tissue biopsies while increasing early detection, treatment stratification, and follow-up monitoring. However, scarcity of ctDNA (circulating tumour DNA), contamination hazards, and accessibility issues limit its widespread utilisation. Liquid biopsy has great potential to revolutionize oncology through customised treatment. Addressing technical and accessibility issues may result in equitable benefits for all people. Future research should focus on improving detection technologies, incorporating artificial intelligence into data processing, and devising cost-effective protocols to maximise therapeutic value.