Vol. 7, Issue 1, Part C (2025)

Paramphistomosis is a parasitic infection caused by Paramphistomum species, primarily affecting ruminants such as goats, sheep, cattle, and water buffalo. The disease is prevalent worldwide, especially in regions like Australia, Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, and Russia. Immature parasites inhabit the duodenum, while adult flukes reside in the rumen; immature ones are responsible for the disease. The Common Paramphistome species are P. cervi, P. microbothridium, and P. epiclitum. Symptoms of the disease in the host are diarrhea, anemia, and lethargy. If untreated, it leads to death. The disease is transmitted via snails like Indoplanorbis and Lymnaea, which act as intermediate hosts. Diagnosis typically involves detecting eggs and flukes in the host's feces. The infection rates vary in the host based on factors like age, sex, breed, season, grazing practices, method of farming, etc. Analyzing the prevalence based on the age of cattle could provide additional insights. Since the study spans several months, it might be interesting to see if there were any seasonal variations in prevalence. Comparing the results of various regions could help understand the spread and factors affecting the prevalence of Paramphistomum spp. Amphistome species' prevalence and infection rates in intermediate host snails across different geographical areas, emphasizing the variability in infection rates based on geography, snail species, and detection techniques. The author attempted to understand geographical prevalence and infection rate variance with different factors in the present study. The disease Treatment focuses on using anthelmintics and controlling the intermediate host population. By understanding the above factors, we can take relevant measures to maintain and eradicate the disease and establish better farming.