Vol. 7, Issue 1, Part A (2025)

Background: More than 90% of all diabetic patients have type 2 diabetes mellitus, a heterogenic, complex metabolic condition that has reached epidemic frequency globally and is characterised by persistent hyperglycemia followed by a period of asymptomatic metabolic alterations that primarily lead to significant complications. In Iraq, there is an insufficiency of epidemiological studies about diabetes. Glycemic control is the process that adjusted glucose level within target range to reduce negative impact of diabetes. Endoglin is a homodimer transmembrane glycoprotein belong to transforming growth factor (TGF) receptor expressed mainly in endothelial cell and playing a crucial role in endothelium functioning and angiogenesis process. In this research, we sought to determine the prevalence of glycaemic control and sENG levels in Iraqi patients with type 2 diabetes, as well as if there was a relationship between the two and whether it was linked to diabetic complications.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was included 89 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 89 apparently healthy individuals as control groups as the same age and sex with cases, sociodemographic feature and anthropometric measurements for each participant were obtained, overnight fasting samples were collected for biochemical analysis (FBG, HbA1c and sENG).
Results: Patients sENG, FBG and HbA1c were significantly higher compared to controls, whereas age, BMI, WHR, diabetic family history were showed insignificant differences. Males were slightly higher than females in this study and three quarter of them with positive diabetic family history. A significant higher level of sENG in patients with disease duration greater than 5 years and among patients regarded to diabetic complication, the majority of patients were showed poor glycemic control with a significant higher level of sENG compared to those with good glycemic control. Endoglin showed a positive correlation with age, BMI, WHR, FBG, and HbA1c. The purpose of this research was to estimate the sENG levels of type 2 diabetes patients and compare them to control in order to assess the impact of glycaemic management on these levels.